Glossary
COA
Also written certificate of analysis, third-party testing
A certificate of analysis: a laboratory report stating what a batch of material was found to contain.
A meaningful COA names the testing laboratory, identifies the specific batch it applies to, and reports both identity and purity. A document with no batch number cannot be matched to the vial in your hand.
Because research chemicals carry no manufacturing standard, the COA is often the only evidence about a given batch. That is also why a fabricated one is worth so much to a seller.