Compounds

An oral NNMT inhibitor with striking results in obese mice and no human data whatsoever. Not a peptide, despite where it is sold.

Weight loss

A myostatin trap that reached phase 2 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and was stopped there. The muscle effects were real but never reached significance; the reason it stopped was nosebleeds and spider veins.

Muscle & performance

Selank with both ends capped against degradation. The same trade as the amidated Semax: longer-lasting, and no human evidence for the modified form.

Cognition & mood

A Semax derivative sold with adamantane-related branding. The least documented compound on this site, and that is saying something.

Cognition & mood

A peptide designed to kill the blood supply feeding fat tissue. It worked in monkeys, and it damaged their kidneys.

Weight loss

The approved member of the melanotan family. Same idea as melanotan II, taken through a full regulatory process, and the contrast between them is instructive.

Skin & hair

GHK-Cu's less-studied sibling, used topically for hair. Almost all the research people cite for it is actually GHK-Cu research.

Skin & hair

A nucleoside, not a peptide. About fifteen hundred people have been given it intravenously in a heart surgery trial, where it did nothing. Banned in sport since 2009 on the strength of a mouse study.

Muscle & performance · Weight loss

A growth hormone fragment developed as an obesity drug. It completed human trials, and they did not show weight loss beyond placebo.

Weight loss

An eleven-amino-acid fragment of erythropoietin that keeps the tissue-repair signalling and drops the blood-thickening. Studied properly in nerve damage, with a published randomised trial.

Healing & recovery

A topical peptide marketed as a needle-free alternative to botulinum toxin. It has real published studies, small effects, and essentially no risk.

Skin & hair

A synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide studied in animals for effects on tendon, ligament and gut tissue repair. No completed human trials.

Healing & recovery

A Russian anti-asthenic drug, and a documented doping agent. It produced a positive test at the 1996 Olympics and is prohibited by WADA.

Cognition & mood

The bronchial peptide, four amino acids, sold on airway repair. It is Cartalax with a leucine on the end, and the two are assigned to cartilage and to bronchi respectively.

Anti-aging & longevity

A long-acting amylin analogue in late-stage trials. It works on a different satiety pathway from the GLP-1 drugs. Which is why it is being developed alongside semaglutide rather than against it.

Weight loss

Assigned to cardiac tissue by the St Petersburg programme that invented this category. Four decades of Russian work sit behind it, and none of it has been reproduced anywhere else.

Anti-aging & longevity

The cartilage tripeptide, and the clearest illustration of what is strange about this family. A single terminal amino acid separates it from the one assigned to the liver.

Anti-aging & longevity

A pig-brain peptide preparation approved as a medicine in around forty countries. Decades of trials, and systematic reviews that still cannot find a clear benefit.

Cognition & mood

The lung peptide, three amino acids long, bought mostly by people with a respiratory complaint that has not resolved. It differs from Cartalax and Ovagen by a single terminal residue.

Anti-aging & longevity

A GHRH analogue that raises growth hormone by amplifying the body's own release signal. Sold in two forms whose durations differ by two orders of magnitude.

Muscle & performance · Anti-aging & longevity

The default growth hormone blend: a GHRH analogue with a ghrelin agonist, usually 5 mg of each. Two mechanisms that genuinely differ, unlike the triple.

Muscle & performance · Anti-aging & longevity

The cortex peptide, sold for nerve repair and cognition. It differs from Cartalax by a single terminal residue and is assigned to an entirely different tissue.

Anti-aging & longevity

A naturally occurring metabolite of IGF-1 that appears to regulate how much IGF-1 is available, which is the opposite of supplying more of it.

Cognition & mood

Wolverine with KPV added and the ratio tilted toward TB-500: 10 mg TB-500 with 5 mg each of BPC-157 and KPV. Documented at a single vendor.

Healing & recovery

A small peptide reported as vastly more potent than BDNF at forming new synapses in animals. No human has been studied on it, and the potency is the concern, not the selling point.

Cognition & mood

Named for an effect it has never convincingly demonstrated. Fifty years of research have not established that it induces sleep in humans.

Anti-aging & longevity

An amylin receptor agonist that produced up to 20% weight loss in phase 2, as a single agent. That last part is what makes it notable.

Weight loss

A four-amino-acid peptide studied almost exclusively by one Russian research group, best known for claims about telomerase activation.

Anti-aging & longevity

A marketing name, not a formula. What is in the syringe varies by clinic, and no version of it has been shown to cause weight loss.

Weight loss

A myostatin-blocking protein with dramatic animal results, no human trials, and a serious question over whether what is sold is the real thing.

Muscle & performance

A senolytic peptide that made aged mice regrow fur and recover kidney function. One landmark paper, no human trial, and it works by making cells kill themselves.

Anti-aging & longevity

A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide with a long history in topical skincare research. Injected use is not what the research studied.

Skin & hair · Anti-aging & longevity · Healing & recovery

A growth hormone releasing peptide approved in Japan as a diagnostic agent. It triggers a pulse of your own growth hormone rather than supplying any.

Muscle & performance · Anti-aging & longevity

The oldest of the growth hormone releasing peptides, and the one with the strongest effect on hunger. That appetite stimulation is the defining fact about it.

Muscle & performance · Anti-aging & longevity

A pre-mixed vial of GHK-Cu, BPC-157 and TB-500 at 5:1:1. One draw delivers all three, in proportions most people underestimate.

Healing & recovery · Skin & hair

The body's main antioxidant, and a poor drug. The FDA has warned specifically against the injectable skin-lightening use. That is what most of it is sold for.

Anti-aging & longevity · Skin & hair

Natural GnRH, approved as a diagnostic agent. Widely used alongside testosterone therapy on a rationale that is sound in principle and unstudied in that setting.

Muscle & performance

An approved fertility medicine that mimics LH. Widely used to keep the testes working during testosterone therapy. Also sold, separately, for a weight-loss diet the FDA has said outright does not work.

Muscle & performance

The most potent growth hormone releasing peptide of the three, and the only one that reliably stops working. Its response fades within about two weeks of continuous use.

Muscle & performance · Anti-aging & longevity

An approved medicine for people with a growth hormone deficiency. Used without that diagnosis it is a controlled substance in the United States, and the anti-ageing claims it is sold on were retracted by their own author.

Muscle & performance · Anti-aging & longevity

A 24-residue peptide the mitochondrion encodes itself, found in the neurons that survived an Alzheimer's brain. Twenty-five years of cell and rodent work behind it, and not one human trial.

Anti-aging & longevity

A modified insulin-like growth factor engineered to last far longer in the body than the natural hormone. It can cause hypoglycaemia, which makes it the most acutely dangerous compound on this site.

Muscle & performance

A selective growth hormone secretagogue that prompts a short pulse of GH release. Widely used, and supported almost entirely by early pharmacology rather than outcome trials.

Muscle & performance · Anti-aging & longevity

The master switch above the reproductive hormone axis. Unusually for this category, it has a serious academic research programme in humans behind it.

Muscle & performance

GLOW with KPV added: four compounds in one vial at 5:1:1:1. The newest and least studied of the common blends.

Healing & recovery · Skin & hair

A four-peptide blend of 50 mg GHK-Cu with 20 mg each of BPC-157, TB-500 and KPV, which is KLOW with the three repair peptides doubled. The least documented of the named blends.

Healing & recovery · Skin & hair

A three-amino-acid fragment of alpha-MSH studied for anti-inflammatory effects, largely in animal models of gut inflammation.

Healing & recovery

An essential cofactor for burning fat, and not the step that limits it. Approved for genuine carnitine deficiency; sold by injection for weight loss on weak evidence.

Weight loss · Muscle & performance

The same compounded lipotropic injection under a different name, usually with L-carnitine added. The evidence position is identical: none.

Weight loss

The first GLP-1 analogue approved for weight loss. A daily injection, superseded by weekly semaglutide but still the best-documented compound in the class.

Weight loss

The liver peptide of the Khavinson family. There is real research behind it — all of it from one institute — none of it independently reproduced.

Anti-aging & longevity

The human body's own antimicrobial peptide, part of innate immunity. Genuinely important biology, and implicated in causing disease as often as treating it.

Healing & recovery

A GLP-1 and glucagon dual agonist approved in China in 2026. Not approved in the United States, and the US pathway is undecided.

Weight loss

A melanocortin agonist that darkens skin by stimulating melanin production. Carries the most serious dermatological concern of anything on this site.

Skin & hair

An orally active ghrelin receptor agonist that raises growth hormone and IGF-1. Not a peptide, and not injected. It is a small molecule taken by mouth.

Muscle & performance · Anti-aging & longevity

A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial rather than nuclear DNA, studied in animals for effects on metabolism and exercise capacity.

Anti-aging & longevity · Muscle & performance

Semax with both ends chemically capped so it lasts longer. More potent per milligram in animal work, and no human trial of the modified version exists.

Cognition & mood

A coenzyme present in every cell, given by injection or infusion in the hope of raising cellular levels. Not a peptide, and poorly absorbed by the routes people use.

Anti-aging & longevity

A Russian prescription nootropic, registered there since 1996. Not a peptide despite the name, and unapproved everywhere else.

Cognition & mood

The first GLP-1 pill that is a true small molecule. Approved in April 2026, and taken any time of day with no food or water restrictions.

Weight loss

Assigned to the liver and gut lining, and separated from the cartilage peptide by one terminal residue. Russian sources only, and never replicated outside them.

Anti-aging & longevity

Approved as an injection to induce labour. The nasal spray sold for bonding and social anxiety rests on trials that have largely failed to replicate.

Anti-aging & longevity

A tetrapeptide derived from a nerve growth factor, engineered to reach the brain. Real academic research, entirely in mice.

Cognition & mood

The pancreas peptide, sold on blood sugar and pancreatic function. Of everything in this family it is the one whose target market makes the absence of evidence most dangerous.

Anti-aging & longevity

A spadin-derived peptide targeting a potassium channel. A genuinely novel antidepressant mechanism, demonstrated in mice and nowhere else.

Cognition & mood

A splice variant of IGF-1 released by damaged muscle, pegylated to last longer. No human trials, and the same proliferation concern as everything in the IGF family.

Muscle & performance

The brain peptide, and the one most often bought outside Russia, because cognitive claims travel further than prostate ones. The evidence has not travelled at all.

Anti-aging & longevity

A peptide designed to punch holes in cancer cell membranes. Sold to people who are frightened — on cell-culture evidence — with no human trial of any kind.

Anti-aging & longevity

Sold for the prostate in the Russian literature and nowhere else. The symptoms it targets are also the symptoms of something that needs assessing properly.

Anti-aging & longevity

A melanocortin receptor agonist approved by the FDA for low sexual desire in premenopausal women. It acts on the brain rather than on blood flow.

Muscle & performance

An investigational once-weekly triple agonist acting on the GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptors. Not approved anywhere.

Weight loss

A seven-amino-acid peptide developed in Russia and used there for anxiety. Nasal rather than injected, and the sibling compound to Semax.

Cognition & mood

A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes and for weight management, dosed once weekly.

Weight loss

A seven-amino-acid peptide developed in Russia and approved there for stroke and cognitive indications. It holds no approval elsewhere and is used nasally rather than injected.

Cognition & mood

Two Russian-developed neuropeptides in one vial, usually 10 mg of each. Both rest on literature that has not been independently replicated in the West.

Cognition & mood

The original GHRH analogue, and the only one here that once held FDA approval, withdrawn for commercial reasons and not for safety.

Muscle & performance · Anti-aging & longevity

A mouse compound that got a press release. It reproduced some effects of endurance training in mice, and no human has ever taken it.

Weight loss · Muscle & performance

An extended version of Argireline, sold on the same needle-free-Botox premise. Longer peptide, same penetration problem, and less independent evidence.

Skin & hair

A mitochondria-targeting peptide that reached phase 3 and missed its primary endpoints. The most rigorously tested compound on this site, and a cautionary tale about mechanism.

Anti-aging & longevity

A GLP-1 and glucagon dual agonist in phase 3, and one of the more advanced candidates for fatty liver disease rather than weight alone.

Weight loss

A synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4, a naturally occurring protein involved in cell migration and tissue repair. Animal evidence only.

Healing & recovery

A GHRH analogue approved by the FDA for reducing excess visceral fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. The only compound in this category with completed phase 3 trials.

Muscle & performance · Weight loss · Anti-aging & longevity

Three growth hormone secretagogues in one vial, commonly 6:3:3. Two of the three do the same job, which is the thing worth knowing before buying it.

Muscle & performance · Anti-aging & longevity

An approved GHRH analogue paired with a ghrelin agonist. Sold at three different splits, which matters more here than in most blends.

Muscle & performance · Weight loss

A triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor, not a peptide and not an incretin. It works on the brain's reward and arousal systems, with the side effects that implies.

Weight loss

Assigned to testicular tissue, and routinely mistaken for a hormone. It is not one, it is not claimed to be one, and that is the most useful thing to know about it.

Anti-aging & longevity

Not a peptide, and the most consequential thing on this site. Approved replacement therapy for diagnosed hypogonadism — a Schedule III controlled substance — and something that will make you infertile while you take it.

Muscle & performance

A thymus extract used as a medicine in Russia for decades. Not a single defined peptide, which is the fact that governs everything else on this page.

Anti-aging & longevity

A two–amino-acid thymic peptide that reached the Russian pharmacopoeia as a registered immunomodulator. That makes its regulatory story unusual in this family, even though the evidence sits in the same place.

Anti-aging & longevity

An immune-modulating peptide approved in more than thirty countries for hepatitis B, and studied in sepsis and as a vaccine adjuvant. Not approved in the United States.

Healing & recovery · Anti-aging & longevity

The full 43-amino-acid protein that TB-500 is a fragment of. It reached phase 2 trials in humans. TB-500 never has.

Healing & recovery

A genuine thymic hormone with real immunology behind it, and no clinical development. It only works with zinc bound to it, which is the most useful fact about it.

Anti-aging & longevity · Healing & recovery

A once-weekly dual agonist that activates both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors, approved for type 2 diabetes and for weight management.

Weight loss

The vascular peptide of the family, described in the originating work as supporting the endothelium. One institute, four decades, no outside replication.

Anti-aging & longevity

The shortest peptide in the family at two amino acids, assigned to the thymus and sold for immune ageing. Its brevity is the whole argument against it and, in the originating literature, for it.

Anti-aging & longevity

A real human hormone with a real clinical history, including an emergency authorisation attempt during COVID. Its community use for mould illness has no trial behind it at all.

Healing & recovery

BPC-157 and TB-500 in one vial at 1:1. The oldest and simplest of the named blends, and the only one without a settled vial size.

Healing & recovery